What is a differential?
The purpose of the differential is to distribute engine energy to the axles so the axles spin the wheels the right way at the right speed. The differential also allows the front wheels to spin at different rates as a vehicle rounds a corner. The inside wheel spins slower than the outside wheel when turning; this "difference" is how the differential gets its name.
How does a differential work?
As the transmission turns the drive shaft, the drive shaft turns the pinion gear inside the differential. When the pinion gear is turned, it drives the ring gear. That gear combination transfers rotational force from the drive shaft to the drive axles.
What are the symptoms related to a differential fluid problem?
Differentials tend to make excessive noise when they are low on gear oil. The clattering of gears while driving will be a sure sign there is a problem. Also, the traction control light may illuminate in some vehicles, and there may be a loud slapping noise when “D” or “R” is selected.
Can I drive with a differential fluid problem?
Never drive a vehicle that is very low on gear oil in the differential. There is a strong possibility of damage to the differential, drive shaft, U-joints, and drive axles. If there is only a small leak, and it is caught early, driving the vehicle should not cause any issues.
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How often does the differential fluid need to be replaced?
The front differential contains gears and bearings that are lubricated by oil. Like all oils and fluids in a vehicle, the oil in the differential should be changed at the vehicle manufacturer specified interval or more frequently if you use your vehicle to tow or carry heavy loads, or there is a leak in the differential.
How are differential fluid issues diagnosed?
If the gears in the differential are making noise while driving, or a slapping noise when going into gear, but no leak is present, the fluid may need to be changed due to age, or incorrect type.
How is differential fluid replaced?
Replacing gear oil is quick and straightforward. The gear oil is drained from the lower drain plug, or by removal of the differential cover. The differential cover, if not already, is removed, and the differential housing will be cleaned and inspected. If no further repairs are needed, the differential cover is installed, and the differential will be filled with the appropriate type and grade of gear oil.
RepairPal Recommendations for differential fluid changes
There are many brands and types of gear oil available to consumers. Many manufacturers supply a proprietary type that is designed to meet the specifications of that vehicle. They may also indicate optional recommended brands. These recommendations should be followed to help ensure the longevity of the differential.
What to look out for when dealing with differential fluid changes
If vehicles are used in a method consistent with severe duty, as described by the owner’s manual, the severe duty service schedule should be followed. This will include a shorter interval for changing differential oil.
Some FWD and AWD vehicles have front differentials that share the differential fluid with the transmission fluid and these two services are essentially one service.
Can I replace the differential fluid myself?
The experienced DIY'er can handle this job with a set of jack stands and a few basic tools and a small torque wrench. This job requires working underneath a raised vehicle, and extreme caution should be exercised. If the individual completing the repair is not experienced with safely lifting and supporting a vehicle, this job should be left to a professional technician.