Do I need a new clutch cable or adjust the old one?

sounds like a really odd way for it to go but you are right you need a new one. it sounds like a connecter or something in the cable slipped.

Hydraulic clutch master and slave cylinders on that model. Might check the fluid level in reservoir (by brake master , under hood) Look for signs or smell of brake fluid on inside of car under carpet by clutch pedal and also leak at slave cylinder.