2003 Ford Ranger was running fine, shut off 15 minutes later no start

Start by pulling codes, that may lead towards the circuit that caused the problem, but many times a tech will have to get it to act up and do the diagnostics while it won't start to prove what happened.

The fast cranking and no ignition sounds like possible timing belt jumped time. Could also be the reason it was running fine before you shut it off and fired off feebly then quit running.