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The catalytic converter has an oxygen sensor in front and behind it. When the vehicle is warm and running in closed loop mode, the upstream oxygen sensor waveform reading should fluctuate. The downstream O2 sensor reading should be fairly steady. Typically the P0420 code triggers the Check Engine Light if the readings of the two sensors are similar. This is indicative of (among other things) a converter that is not working as efficiently as it should be (according to specs). It is part of the vehicle emissions system. Code P0420 may mean that one or more of the following has happened: •Leaded fuel was used where unleaded was called for •An oxygen sensor is not reading (functioning) properly •The engine coolant temperature sensor is not working properly •Damaged or leaking exhaust manifold / catalytic converter / exhaust pipe •Retarded spark timing •The oxygen sensors in front and behind the converter are reporting too similar of readings