What exactly happens when the turbo fails on 2016 Chevy Trax?

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The car misfired and hesitated starting, tried to limp it home, it was putting out a huge amount of smoke, when slowing down and making a turn the oil light came on and and alarm went off. I immediately stopped the car and turned it off. I had it towed to a shop. They sent me a picture of the tailpipe with oil residue covering the end. Would the turbo failing cause these problems? Is there an easy way to check without having the car towed to another shop? I had to have it towed to my house.