P0446 Severity
Once the vehicle's onboard system no longer detects the issue, most codes will disappear on their own. If your vehicle still has this code, however, it should be properly diagnosed to avoid a more serious problem.
For a proper diagnosis, RepairPal Certified shops have the equipment, tools, and expertise.
Moderate severity codes might not threaten the vehicle's safety or functionality immediately, but you should still get it diagnosed within a reasonable time frame to keep your car running well.
The evaporative control (EVAP) system captures any fuel vapors from the fuel tank and sends them through the vehicle's intake to be burned in the normal combustion process. The EVAP Vent Valve allows fresh air to enter the EVAP system so it is not under a constant vacuum. When the engine control module (PCM) detects the evap system is venting when it should not, it will set code P0446.
OBD-II Code P0446 is defined as a Evaporative System Vent Control Circuit Malfunction
The evaporative control (EVAP) system captures any raw fuel evaporating from the fuel storage system (e.g. the fuel tank, filler neck, and fuel cap). Under precise operating conditions—dictated by engine temperature, speed, and load—the EVAP system stores and purges these captured fuel vapors back into the combustion process. The carbon canister, which stores the raw fuel vapors, utilizes a vent valve that allows fresh air to enter the EVAP system. This displaces the fuel vapor as it's purged into the combustion process.
Code P0446 indicates that there is an improper voltage drop in the EVAP Vent Valve circuit, which can be caused by either too little or too much electrical resistance. This improper electrical condition will cause the vent valve to malfunction.
The EVAP system is designed not only to capture, store, and purge any raw fuel vapors that leak from areas in the Fuel Storage system, but also to run a series of self-tests that confirm or deny the operational and vapor holding ability of the system. This is an important task because at least 20 percent of vehicle-produced air pollution originates from malfunctioning Vehicle Fuel Storage systems.
There are many ways to "leak test" the EVAP system, but most perform the leak test when the vehicle is sitting (like over night) or during the initial start-up after the vehicle has been sitting over night. The EVAP system's operational performance is also tracked by the Powertrain Computer by reading the change in the oxygen sensor voltages and short term fuel trim whenever the stored vapors are released or "purged" back into the combustion process. These values should indicate that fuel is being added to the system and that the overall mixture is getting richer. The purging process occurs when the vehicle is under acceleration, which is when most vehicles require additional fuel.
Some PCMs will trigger this code if the the proper level of vacuum was not reached during a leak test and the EVAP system contains a bypass valve that isolates the fuel tank from the carbon canister-vent valve assembly. This vacuum is measured and monitored by the Fuel Tank Pressure Sensor. The vacuum can be too high and for too long (stuck closed vent valve) or it can be too little or non-existent ( stuck open vent valve, a leak in the system or a defective fuel tank pressure sensor).
Here is how the evaporative leak test is performed by the Powertrain Computer:
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