What is a Fog Lamp Relay?
Many vehicles today come factory equipped with fog lamps. These front mounted lights are placed near to the ground in the front bumper cover and are used when the vehicle is driven in foggy conditions where visibility is a problem. Light reflecting off of the fog significantly decreases visibility during driving. Because fog tends to be less dense near the ground, the fog lamps illuminate the road better than the headlights that are mounted higher up on the vehicle. The fog lamp relay is used to switch the 12 volt power to the lamps on and off in response to a signal from the fog lamp switch mounted on the dashboard or the steering column. The relay is most commonly located in a fuse block under the hood.
How do Fog Lamp Relays work?
A relay is an electromagnetic device that is operated by a low voltage signal from a switch or electronic control module. When the relay senses the low voltage signal from the control circuit, it switches a higher voltage power circuit on or off. The fog lamps, like many other vehicle components, require a 12 volt power supply to operate. To save cost and weight, the manufacturer tasks a relay with the job of turning the fog lamps (or the headlamps, cooling fan, etc.) on and off. The fog lamp switch sends a lower voltage signal to the relay. The relay, sensing the signal, switches the power to the lamps on or off. This arrangement also allows an Electronic Control Module (ECM) to oversee lighting operations and control various functions.
What are the symptoms of a bad Fog Lamp Relay?
A relay normally emits a slight clicking sound under the hood when it is engaging, but a bad relay might produce a louder than normal clicking sound without turning the lamps on or off. If the fog lamp relay is failing it might operate intermittently. The fog lamps will work sometimes, but not all the time. Or the fog lamps might not work at all. They stay on, or they stay off. Some of these symptoms can also be caused by worn out bulbs, a broken wire, a blown fuse, a faulty switch, or computer problem.