1992 Chevrolet Lumina APV Blower Motor Relay Replacement Cost

The blower motor relay allows the low amperage blower motor switch, located in the cabin of the vehicle, to power the blower motor with a higher amperage circuit. The relay is typically located in the fuse block or power distribution center, and will be square or rectangular in shape. It should be noted that relays are used in very many circuits on a vehicle, so the relay should be identified prior to removal.

The blower motor relay powers the blower motor which takes considerably higher amperage than can be safely passed through the blower motor switch, but must be powered when the blower motor switch is pressed. A relay is the perfect tool for the job, and has remained reliable for decades. When the blower motor switch is active, electrical power is sent from the blower motor switch to the relay. Inside the relay there is a large circuit and a small circuit. The small circuit is for a signal from the blower motor switch and causes the large circuit to close(connect) through electromagnetism. When the large circuit closes, power can now flow from the battery, through the closed circuit in the relay, and to the blower motor. To turn off the blower motor, the blower motor switch being deactivated stops electric power to the small circuit, so the electromagnet in the relay no longer closes the circuit. That means that when the electromagnet in the relay looses power from the blower motor switch, the large circuit will open (disconnect). When the large circuit opens, the blower motor loses power and stops running.

blower motor relay failure will manifest itself in one of three ways. It may cease functioning when the blower motor switch is activated, always function, possibly with the vehicle turned off, or only function occasionally. These failures all point to the blower motor relay at some point during diagnostics, and the way the problem is presented will generally predict the type of failure. A blower motor relay that is stuck on all the time will constantly power the blower motor, sometimes with the vehicle off as mentioned. Also, a weak blower motor relay will result in intermittent operation of the blower motor, while a failed relay will prevent the blower motor from functioning at all.

Having the blower motor relay fail can drain the battery while the vehicle is parked, cause unbearable climate inside the vehicle, or cause intermittent issues. While these issues are not threatening to the operation or longevity of the vehicle, they may pose a health and safety risk to children and seniors in some temperate zones. Repair is at the discretion of the owner.

Relays fail all the time, in new and old vehicles of all makes and models. Relays are generally reliable, but most vehicles will have at least one relay failure through the course of its service life. No matter how well made and how well maintained a vehicle is, the slightest bit of corrosion and years of wear on contact surfaces will eventually break down a relay. Also, if the relays are quickly powered on and off, such as with a dying battery, the contacts can arch and erode quickly.

Diagnosing a relay is simple with testing. On the exterior of most relays there is a diagram of the switches inside the relay. In the case of the blower motor relay, there normally be only one switch. Applying power and ground to the small circuit with proper polarity should make the relay click. This, however, is only the first half of the test. The secondary test is to measure the resistance across the relay, and compare that to the data on the relay or from the service manual. If the resistance is too high across a relay, the powered component will not receive the high amperage current it needs, and therefore, the relay must be replaced. If the relay does not click, the same applies, but the second part of the test will yield infinite resistance.

Replacing a relay is only a matter of identifying the relay according to diagrams in the owner's manual, under the lid of the power distribution or fuse block, or in the service manual for the vehicle. Once testing of the relay is complete, the failed relay is thrown away only after ensuring the new relay is exactly identical in function and size, and the new relay is firmly pressed in, pulled out, and once again pressed into the power distribution or fuse block. This will ensure that complete contact is made between the relay and the terminals on the vehicle.

Never attempt to repair a relay. There is generally nothing serviceable in a relay, and erroneous reconstruction will only lead to humidity entering the relay, a relay that does not function properly, or even melting of the entire relay. Relays are inexpensive sealed units that should be replaced, not tampered with.

If a relay is proven good, but still does not function, the terminals can be tested in the junction block with a test light or multimeter. A multimeter is prefered because of the accuracy of readings, but a test light will inform the technician if power is present or not. Also, the blower motor switch may provide a switched ground to the blower motor relay, or it may provide a switched hot (battery voltage). This should be known when testing the relay and the power distribution block. In the case of a switched ground, there will only be continuity between the battery negative cable and the relay when the blower motor switch is active.

Relay testing and replacement is simple, straightforward, and could be a fun project to share with a family member. The issues start to emerge when the relay is diagnosed as operable, but is not activated when the ignition switch is turned on. If testing of electrical circuits is understood, and a multimeter with long leads is present, this repair can be accomplished at home, but if the circuit is not understood and the relay is good, leave the job to a professional. This will likely prevent further damage or electric shock.